Through a series of maturation events, that require the contribution of both cells, the forespore will become the mature spore, that will be released at the end of the sporulation cycle by the lysis of the mother cell. Bacteria of the Bacillus and Clostridium genera produce the spore within a sporangium, formed by a small cell, the forespore, carried inside a big cell, the mother cell. The bacterial endospore (spore) is a dormant cell, resistant to harsh conditions and able to survive extreme environmental conditions. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by a grant (KBBE-476 2007-207948) from the EU 7th Framework to ER. Received: Accepted: AugPublished: September 27, 2013Ĭopyright: © 2013 Isticato et al. PLoS ONE 8(9):Įditor: Adam Driks, Loyola University Medical Center, United States of America (2013) Flexibility of the Prograamme of Spore Coat Formation in Bacillus subtilis: Bypass of CotE Requirement by Over-Production of CotH. subtilis spore differentiation programme is flexible, and that an increase in the amount of a regulatory protein can replace a missing partner and partially substitute its function in the assembly of the spore coat.Ĭitation: Isticato R, Sirec T, Giglio R, Baccigalupi L, Rusciano G, Pesce G, et al. Western blot, fluorescence microscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering spectroscopy data indicate that, in the absence of CotE, over-production of CotH allowed the formation of spores overall resembling wild type spores and carrying in their coat some CotE−/CotH-dependant proteins. Over-production of CotH in an otherwise wild type strain did not cause any major effect, whereas in a cotE null background a partial recovery of the phenotypes associated to the cotE null mutation was observed. In order to improve our understanding of CotH role in spore formation, we over-produced CotH by placing its coding region under the control of a promoter stronger than its own promoter but with a similar timing of activity during sporulation. In spite of this CotH controls the assembly of at least nine outer coat proteins and cooperates with CotE in producing fully resistant and efficiently germinating spores. Another regulator, CotH, is controlled by CotE and is present in low amounts both during sporulation and in mature spores. A major component of this regulatory network, CotE, is needed to assemble the outer coat and develop spores fully resistant to lysozyme and able to germinate efficiently. In Bacillus subtilis, the model organism for spore formers, the coat is composed by about seventy different proteins, organized into four layers by the action of several regulatory proteins. Bacterial spores are surrounded by the coat, a multilayered shell that contributes in protecting the genome during stress conditions.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |